BIOFILM FORMATION IN ENDODONTICS AND ROOT CANAL DISINFECTION STRATEGIES

📝 Özet

Root canal infections are complex polymicrobial diseases that primarily develop through biofilms; biofilms are communities of microorganisms organized within a protective extracellular matrix. These biofilms colonize the complex root canal system, making disinfection a challenging process in endodontic treatment. The persistent nature of biofilms protects bacteria from host immune responses and chemical agents, leading to the failure of conventional treatment methods. The anatomical complexity of root canals, including lateral canals, isthmuses, and apical deltas, further complicates biofilm removal. Traditionally, mechanical instruments are used for disinfection along with chemical agents such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). However, complete removal of biofilms is often not possible, particularly in instrument-inaccessible areas and dentinal tubules. Therefore, advanced disinfection strategies have emerged to enhance biofilm breakdown and bacterial elimination, including laser-assisted irrigation, antimicrobial nanoparticles, photodynamic therapy, and natural product-based agents. This study evaluates the recent literature on biofilm formation and the effectiveness of traditional and novel root canal disinfection techniques in the context of improving endodontic treatments.

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